Anatomy and physiology

Delving into human anatomy and physiology will help you understand how your body works. You'll learn the mysteries of each system and each organ in your body. We'll take a trip through your body's tissues and functions, learning about irregularities and how to enhance your health -- and life.

Anatomy and physiologyNormal Heart Rate by Age and How to Calculate It

A normal heart rate can be defined as the number of times the heart beats per minute. To know our…

Anatomy and physiologyWhite Spots on the Teeth: Why Do They Appear?

White spots on teeth can appear for different reasons and can be related to different factors. For those who have…

Anatomy and physiologyWhy Does Tartar Turn Black? Treatment and Prevention

Many bacteria and debris can accumulate on the teeth if we don't have proper oral hygiene. In this article, we'll…

Anatomy and physiologySacroiliitis: Causes, Symptoms and Treatment

Low back pain is a common cause of medical consultation worldwide. The origins of low back pain are very varied…

Anatomy and physiology7 Causes of Brown Discharge

Vaginal discharge is a mixture of fluids that ensures a healthy environment inside the vagina. It's usually whitish-clear, sticky, and odorless. Ho...

Anatomy and physiologyWhy Do Our Hands Fall Asleep While We Sleep?

You're asleep. Suddenly, in the middle of the night, you wake up from a kind of "electric shock" in your…

Anatomy and physiologyPons Varolii: Characteristics and Functions

The pons, also known as the pons Varolii, is a part of the brain in humans and other bipeds. It…

Anatomy and physiologyBreast Cysts: What Do They Mean?

Breast cysts are fluid-filled sacs inside the breast that aren't usually cancerous - they're benign. Therefore, even though they're very…

Anatomy and physiologyGhrelin Functions and Mechanism of Action

Ghrelin functions as a hormone that's mainly synthesized in the walls of the stomach. It's also made in small amounts…

Anatomy and physiologyWhat Is Wound Exudate and Why Do Our Bodies Produce It?

Wound exudate is a combination of substances and elements that our bodies excrete through a wound or during an inflammation…

Anatomy and physiologyThe Link Between the Lymphatic and Circulatory Systems

The lymphatic and circulatory systems are two fundamental body structures. Both are basically an extensive network of vessels that run…

Anatomy and physiologySymptoms, Causes and Treatment of Hammertoes

Hammertoes are a deformity that mainly affects this part of the feet, in which the toes acquire a flexed position…

Anatomy and physiologyCharacteristics of REM Sleep

REM sleep (rapid eye movement) comprises 25% of the sleeping cycle. Researchers estimate it occurs between 70 and 90 minutes after we fall asleep. ...

Anatomy and physiologyWhat Are Genetic Markers and What Are They For?

These days, continuous scientific progress helps us to better understand the causes and characteristics of many diseases or individual traits.&hell...

Anatomy and physiologyInfant Hypermobility: Pros and Cons

Infant hypermobility is a common asymptomatic condition in children under the age of 5 that causes joints to move outside…

Anatomy and physiologyWhat is Oxygen Saturation?

Oxygen is an essential molecule for most living beings. All the cells in our body use it as fuel to carry out their functions. Therefore, oxygen sa...

Anatomy and physiologyHDL and LDL Cholesterol: Everything You Need to Know

Patients with heart problems commonly talk about HDL and LDL cholesterol. Anyone who’s had a heart attack knows that they…

Anatomy and physiologyHeart Rate: What Is It and How Is It Measured?

Heart rate is the number of heart contractions or beats per unit of time. It's taken under well-determined physiological conditions and…

Anatomy and physiologyBone Contusion: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatments

Bone fractures are among the most common traumatic injuries. These are defined as when the bone completely breaks. However, there's…

Anatomy and physiologyThe Causes of Bradypnea and its Treatments

Bradypnea is a medical term used to refer to a lower than normal breathing rate. Breathing is the process by…

Anatomy and physiologyThe Causes of Stained Teeth

Dentists study the appearance and morphology of stained teeth to discover how to treat them and how to prevent them. For patients, teeth stains are...